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September 17, 2025

How do satellite antennas work

Satellite antennas operate via parabolic reflectors that focus electromagnetic waves onto a feed horn; a 3-meter diameter dish in Ku-band (12-18GHz) achieves ~40dBi gain, directing signals toward satellites. During transmission, electrical signals convert to waves at the feed, reflected into parallel beams by the parabola; reception reverses this, focusing incoming waves (error <0.1° in azimuth/elevation) […]

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How do you test a directional coupler

To test a directional coupler, connect it to a signal generator (output: +10dBm, 2-4GHz) and spectrum analyzer. Measure input power (Pin) at the main port, coupled power (Pcouple) at the coupled port, and isolated port power (Piso). Calculate insertion loss (Pin-Pthru, typical 0.5-2dB), isolation (Pin-Piso ≥20dB), and directivity (Pcouple-Piso ≥30dB) to validate performance. Measure Insertion

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