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Satellite signals can be blocked by heavy rain reducing strength by 20 dB, buildings obstructing line-of-sight, solar alignment during equinoxes, equipment malfunctions like faulty transponders, and interference from nearby electronic devices. Atmospheric Conditions Have you ever noticed that whenever there was heavy rain or snow outside your house and a finale of your favorite TV […]

NOAA’s top satellite frequencies include 137.100 MHz, 137.620 MHz, 137.9125 MHz, 1698 MHz, 1707 MHz, and 1702.5 MHz for real-time weather imaging. 137.100 MHz 137.100 MHz is one of the main frequencies NOAA satellites use to send APT signals. This frequency is especially important for weather enthusiasts, meteorologists, and researchers who heavily rely on updated

Optimize the five core indicators of satellite signals: 1. Signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 12dB (military waveguide insertion loss < 0.15dB/m); 2. Bit error rate < 1E-9 (polarization coding + LDPC error correction); 3. Level calibration error ± 0.3dB (Keysight N9048B spectrum analyzer + λ/500 flatness); 4. Rain attenuation margin 7dB (Ku-band dynamic power compensation); 5. Polarization

Arcing in waveguides can be mitigated by using materials with higher breakdown strengths, maintaining cleanliness to prevent contamination, ensuring proper impedance matching, addressing mechanical deformations through precise installation and regular inspections, managing temperature with cooling systems, and controlling power levels to avoid excessive electric fields. High Power Transmission When a waveguide is used for transmission

The cutoff frequency is the lowest frequency that the transmission line supports electromagnetic wave propagation. The cutoff frequency of the main mode TE₁₀ of a rectangular waveguide (such as WR-90, with a wide side of 22.86mm) is 6.56GHz (formula: f_c=c/(2a)). The cutoff frequency of a coaxial cable is determined by its structure (e.g., about 34GHz

Waveguides operate above 1 GHz with lower losses, handling higher power than coaxial cables, which are effective up to 3 GHz. Structure and Mode of Operation Waveguides and two-wire transmission lines, such as coaxial cables, are fundamentally different in how they carry electromagnetic waves. Two-wire transmission lines typically include two conductors, which are often made

The five key parameters of a dipole antenna are resonant frequency, radiation pattern, impedance (typically 73 ohms), gain (about 2.15 dBi), and bandwidth. Resonant Frequency The resonant frequency of a dipole antenna explains a specific frequency at which the antenna operates at the maximum efficiency level. This frequency is resonance as it dictates the antenna’s

Use a balun, adjust dipole length, employ a matching network, ensure secure coaxial connections, and test system SWR for optimal performance. Use a Balun In amateur radio, a balun , a short form of balanced-to-unbalanced transformer, is used to match the impedance of a dipole antenna, which is typically balanced, to an unbalanced transmission line

Direct coaxial feed ensures a simple setup with a typical SWR close to 1:1. Balun-aided feeds balance signals, reducing RF interference. Gamma matches adjust impedance precisely for optimal performance. Direct Coaxial Feed (Center Feed) Summary Direct coaxial feed, which is commonly used in dipole antennas, is a simple and efficient way to transfer RF .

The impedance of dipole antennas is affected by length, height above ground, environmental factors, feed point position, and construction materials. Antenna Length and Frequency One of the critical aspects of determining impedance for a dipped antenna in the context of radios is the ratio of it to the signal the device is intended to carry.